Punishment is one category of Operant Conditioning, working to decrease bad behavior. If not applied "correctly", however, it may end up increasing the behavior instead.
As there is no stimulus that is a punishment for everyone, punishments may often be completed without being effective. What punishes some can even be a reinforcement for others. Among many things, these are four things that could go wrong when using punishment:
1. The punishment could be a reinforcement for that person, causing an increase in his or her behavior
2. The punishment could cause the punishee to develop a fear of the punisher
3. The punishment could cause the punishee to decrease the bad behavior around the punisher, but increase the behavior in other environments
4. The punishment could cause an elimination of the bad behavior, but to make room for an even worse behavior
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